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ASOM (Acute Suppurative Otitis Media)

A Fluid Filled Ear Infection

  • Sep 19, 2024

Introduction

  • Acute Suppurative Otitis Media (ASOM) is an infection of the middle ear.
  • It can be caused by bacteria or viruses.
  • The infection leads to the formation of pus in the middle ear cavity.
  • ASOM is a common condition, especially in children.
  • Key symptoms include Ear pain, Fever, Hearing loss.

Causative Organism

  • ASOM is usually caused by bacteria, such as: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae & Moraxella catarrhalis
  • It often follows upper respiratory infections (colds, throat infections).
  • Pathogens travel from the nasopharynx (back of the nose) to the middle ear through the Eustachian tube.


Symptoms

  • Ear pain (otalgia): Often severe, worse when lying down.
  • Ear discharge (otorrhea): Due to perforation of the tympanic membrane.
  • Hearing loss: Temporary conductive hearing loss due to fluid in the middle ear. Fever: Often associated with the infection.
  • Irritability in children: Babies may tug at their ears.


Pathogenesis

  • ASOM begins with Eustachian tube dysfunction, often caused by a cold or throat infection.
  • Fluid builds up in the middle ear, creating a favorable environment for bacterial growth.
  • Inflammation develops, leading to the formation of pus.
  • The increasing pressure may cause the eardrum to perforate, resulting in the release of discharge.


Diagnosis

  • Endoscopy: Visualization of the eardrum, which may appear bulging, red, or perforated.
  • Impedance: Can assess middle ear pressure.
  • Pure Tone Audiometry: To evaluate the degree of hearing loss.


Treatment

  • Antibiotics: Oral antibiotics like amoxicillin are commonly prescribed to combat bacterial infection.
  • Analgesics: Pain relief is crucial, with medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen.
  • Ear Drops: If there is a perforation, antibiotic ear drops may be given.
  • Surgery: In recurrent or severe cases, myringotomy (drainage of fluid).


Complications

  • Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM): If left untreated, ASOM can progress to a chronic condition.
  • Mastoiditis: Infection can spread to the mastoid bone.
  • Hearing Loss: Persistent fluid or damage can cause long-term hearing impairment.
  • Intracranial complications: Rare but serious, including meningitis or brain abscess.


Endoscopic Visual Atlas



MRD: 98745

  • Left Side Normal Ear
  • Right Side ASOM(Bulged, Fluid Filled) Ear


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