What is Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive technique to treat chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, and other sinus disorders by restoring normal drainage pathways in the sinuses. Unlike traditional open surgery, FESS uses an endoscope to access and operate on the sinuses through the nostrils, allowing for precise treatment with minimal tissue disruption.

Indications for FESS

• Chronic sinusitis unresponsive to medical treatment
  
• Nasal polyps that cause obstruction and recurrent infections
  
• Structural blockages (e.g., a deviated septum) impeding sinus drainage
  
• AC Polyps, inverted papillomas, or other benign sinus growths
  
• Sinus infections that spread to the orbit (eye) or skull base in severe cases
  

Procedure Overview

Preoperative Evaluation:

• Endoscopic Examination: Allows the surgeon to directly visualize the nasal passages and determine the extent of blockage.
  
• CT Scan of the Sinuses: Provides a detailed map of the sinuses, helping the surgeon plan the approach for removing obstructions and polyps.
  

Surgical Technique:

• FESS is performed under general anesthesia. Using an endoscope, the surgeon accesses the sinus openings and removes obstructions, polyps, or diseased tissue while preserving healthy structures.
  
• Depending on the patient’s condition, parts of the sinus lining may be removed, but care is taken to improve natural drainage.
  

Advantages:

• Minimally Invasive: No external cuts, resulting in reduced pain and faster recovery.
  
• Preservation of Nasal Structure: Helps maintain normal nasal function.
  
• Better Visualization: The endoscope allows the surgeon to see and treat problem areas precisely.
  

Postoperative Care and Recovery

• Nasal Irrigations: Regular saline rinses to keep the sinuses clear and reduce inflammation.
  
• Medications: Nasal steroid sprays and antibiotics (if needed) help prevent infection and recurrence.
  
• Follow-up Visits: Essential for monitoring healing and sinus drainage. Some patients may need additional endoscopic procedures to remove crusts or scar tissue as they heal.